... President Vladimir Putin’s Munich Speech in 2007 was a kind of declaration of Russia’s geopolitical independence and a public challenge to the US hegemony. This defiance of Russia was geopolitical, normative, and partly military. At the same time, China’s rapid economic and technological growth and Beijing’s refusal to accept the American offer to become a junior partner of the United States subjected American hegemony to economic challenges. Since the mid-1990s, two major powers, namely Russia and China, have regularly declared multipolarity as the desired ...
... of Russian natural gas to China by 10 billion cubic meters per year
[2]
.
The declaration and the economic deals signed during the visit thereby contributing to Russia’s reorientation of economic ties from Europe towards China later led to the accusations against China that Beijing had been informed by Russians about the coming conflict, and China supported the Special Military Operation as a result. Another argument which was used to support the charges was a growing number of contracts to procure Russian liquefied ...
... growing giants of international politics, their colossal demographic size in itself puts internal issues in first place. Foreign policy activity fades into the background and is considered only in the context of the internal struggle for unity (Russia, China, India) or the retention of power by elites, who have become practically irreplaceable in recent decades (the USA and the largest European countries).
This objective process has two consequences that are of interest on a theoretical and practical level. First, there is growing confusion among those whose professional responsibility is to talk about international ...
... features of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, like all wars it has caused enormous suffering on both sides, with hundreds of thousands of military personnel and civilians killed and wounded, cities and houses reduced to rubble, the accumulation of hundreds ... ... over last couple of decades the global balance of powers shifted in favor of non-Western nations, in particular, in favor of China. This critical shift had to be reflected in the international system, but the West, and the United States in particular,...
... military space forces, or the placement of conventional weapons in space. Since 1967 many countries, including the US, Russia, China and India have conducted a variety of unhindered tests of anti-satellite weapons prototypes. So far, the most visible impact ... ... of us depend on satellites more and more. Today, they are widely used by both public and private sectors, and every year thousands of satellites arrive in already crowded orbits. To blind even a few of them—for example, with high-precision laser beams—would ...
... in the configuration, nodding to its incomparably smaller nuclear arsenal. Notwithstanding the discovery of numerous silos in the PRC described further, Moscow and Washington’s stockpiles still surpass those of Beijing roughly tenfold, even though China is
predicted
to have about a thousand nuclear warheads by 2030. Moreover, preventing bilateral arms control arrangements from crumbling—let alone strengthening the corresponding regime—seems like a daunting task in the ever so convoluted security conundrum. The situation is further ...
... and India in the field of high-tech? We talked about this and many other things with Synergia Foundation President Tobby Simon.
Today we are witnessing a global trend towards technological sovereignty. We see this taking place in the European Union, China, Russia and even the United States. With this in mind, what is India’s notion of technological sovereignty?
Russia — India Relations in Broader Geopolitical Context. RIAC an Synergia Foundation Report
As a country, the general trend is to strive ...
... concerned about the eroding Western influence in many places in Africa. It is sufficient to mention that since 2020, there have been eight regime changes in the continent, with many African countries shifting away from their former Western partners to China and to Russia. These days, Beijing funds most of the large-scale African infrastructure development projects, and Moscow is getting more and more involved in providing security for a growing number of African countries. Not surprisingly, most of ...
... less powerful А800 and H800.
[189]
Indicatively, fearing new export restrictions by the Biden administration, the Chinese technical giants (Baidu, ByteDance, Tencent and Alibaba) immediately accepted this alternative version and ordered tens of thousands of processors.
[190]
Owing to the high demand, However, in October 2023, new US sanctions followed, this time banning the supply of H800 and A800 GPUs to China. Nvidia is again planning to develop special versions that would not be subject to sanctions. Nvidia is reported to be preparing three GPU models: HGX H30, L20 PCIe, and L2 PCIe
[191]
.
The American leadership admits that unilateral action may ...
... changes taking place in the world will be rapid and dramatic - revisionism by its nature does not imply sudden movements. We see how cautious Russia and the United States are about the likelihood of an escalation of their differences in Eastern Europe. China and the United States are also showing serious restraint and skilfully resolve their differences without bringing them into direct conflict. The fact that thousands of human lives become the price for general revisionism is a huge tragedy. But in conditions when a major conflict is impossible and irrational, and the contradictions between many powers aimed at revising the international order are great, it ...
