... strategic stability became clear back at the time of the New START signed in 2010. Despite Russia’s concerns, the document failed to enshrine any restrictions on the development... ... the war or achieve a most favorable settlement of the conflict in case of their refusal to destroy cities [
2
].
In the time of President Richard Nixon, the U.S. military... ... global strategic stability into question, because it could be used against Russia and China. In 2018, the head of Russian diplomacy insistently
urged
Japan to enter into...
... longer within the orbit of the West already in the first half of the 2000s. President Vladimir Putin’s Munich Speech in 2007 was a kind of declaration of Russia’s geopolitical independence and a public challenge to the US hegemony. This defiance of Russia was geopolitical, normative, and partly military. At the same time, China’s rapid economic and technological growth and Beijing’s refusal to accept the American offer to become a junior partner of the United States subjected American hegemony to economic challenges. Since the mid-1990s, two major powers, namely Russia and China, have regularly declared multipolarity as the desired ...
... of Russian natural gas to China by 10 billion cubic meters per year
[2]
.
The declaration and the economic deals signed during the visit thereby contributing to Russia’s reorientation of economic ties from Europe towards China later led to the accusations against China that Beijing had been informed by Russians about the coming conflict, and China supported the Special Military Operation as a result. Another argument which was used to support the charges was a growing number of contracts to procure Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG) concluded before ...
... the growing giants of international politics, their colossal demographic size in itself puts internal issues in first place. Foreign policy activity fades into the background and is considered only in the context of the internal struggle for unity (Russia, China, India) or the retention of power by elites, who have become practically irreplaceable in recent decades (the USA and the largest European countries).
This objective process has two consequences that are of interest on a theoretical and practical level. First, there is growing confusion among those whose professional responsibility is to talk about international ...
Interview with Andrey Kortunov and Zhao Huasheng
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine drags on. In response to France’s President Emmanuel Macron floating ... ... crisis that has an impact on global strategic security? In early March 2024, during the China-Russia Dialogue 2024 in the city of Sanya, the Beijing Club for International... ..., like all wars it has caused enormous suffering on both sides, with hundreds of thousands of military personnel and civilians killed and wounded, cities and houses reduced...
... conventional weapons in space. Since 1967 many countries, including the US, Russia, China and India have conducted a variety of unhindered tests of anti-satellite weapons... ... not impose specific restrictions on the peaceful use of nuclear energy in space. The Russian Space Agency is now proceeding with an ambitious plan to create an unmanned... .... Today, they are widely used by both public and private sectors, and every year thousands of satellites arrive in already crowded orbits. To blind even a few of them—for...
... Washington’s stockpiles still surpass those of Beijing roughly tenfold, even though China is
predicted
to have about a thousand nuclear warheads by 2030. Moreover, preventing bilateral arms control arrangements from crumbling—let alone strengthening ... ... lowering the threshold of a nuclear attack – the same vague divisive line as the one between offensive and defensive systems.
China has long been striving to create a full-scale nuclear triad that is based on the Russia-US model. This incorporates the advanced projects of
DF-41
ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile),
Jin-class
submarines ...
... Foundation
Today, India is becoming a prominent player on the global technological arena. How India is achieving this? How does this country protect its technological sovereignty in a fragmenting world? Are there any prospects for cooperation between Russia and India in the field of high-tech? We talked about this and many other things with Synergia Foundation President Tobby Simon.
Today we are witnessing a global trend towards technological sovereignty. We see this taking place in the European Union, China, Russia and even the United States. With this in mind, what is India’s notion of technological sovereignty?
Russia — India Relations in Broader Geopolitical Context. RIAC an Synergia Foundation Report
As a country, the general trend is to strive ...
... their national strategy, that is now causing the greatest concern.
However, we have no reason to think that the changes taking place in the world will be rapid and dramatic - revisionism by its nature does not imply sudden movements. We see how cautious Russia and the United States are about the likelihood of an escalation of their differences in Eastern Europe. China and the United States are also showing serious restraint and skilfully resolve their differences without bringing them into direct conflict. The fact that thousands of human lives become the price for general revisionism is a huge tragedy. But in conditions when a major conflict is impossible and irrational, and the contradictions between many powers aimed at revising the international order are great, it ...
... should close their ranks even more. Such reasoning is constructed for some alternative reality as it suffers from a lack of causality. More so, it is absolutely unclear why the formats of cooperation between “liberal democracies” are so much better ... ... socio-economic standpoint rather than from the political perspective. All actors, despite the current difficulties in Japan-China and Russia-Japan relations, stick to the established ties in different areas. Due to the specifics of its political regime and restrictions ...
