RIAC Working Paper No. 62 / 2022
RIAC Working Paper No. 62 / 2022
Practices and principles that underpin multilateralism are currently facing multiple challenges and major opposition, including one-sided rhetoric employed by leaders across the globe, a grave crisis of many multilateral organizations and regimes, both global and regional. Politicians are shifting the responsibility for the shortcomings of multilateralism onto one another, blaming their opponents for departing from legitimate multilateral...
... view from the late 1980s up to the first half of the 2010s was that the West would inevitably dominate within the “liberal world order”, in one way or another.
The conceptualization of the problems that drag out the “transitional period” has changed ... ... revisionism, which implies taking advantage of their important standing to revise the codified and uncodified rules and norms in international relations [Tammen et al. 2000; Davidson 2016; Schweller2015]. The rise of new powers, though, contributed just as well to debates on multilateralism and multipolarity of today’s world [Sakwa 2020].
As China was becoming increasingly assertive, the problem of the “hegemon” ...
... the United States emphasised market freedom and democracy. An important distinction in this sense was that the US saw itself as a source and guarantor of fairness, whereas Russia avoided this role in the belief that sovereign equality is an axiom in international relations.
In other words, for Russians and Americans polarity and world order itself mean fundamentally different things. Russians see multipolarity as important in itself and a marker of equality and fairness. For Americans, it is of secondary importance. The number of poles is not so important in a US-centric world. What is important is the existence of this order. But the problem ...
