Securitization of Physical Cyberspace Infrastructure as a Nexus in U.S.-Russia Relations: The Case of Submarine Communications Cables

... these may well derive from differing levels of governance not necessarily within the context of the U.S.-Russia relationship Submarine communications cables (SCCs) are essential to all contemporary forms of global communications. SCCs are more reliable and able to transfer larger amounts of data compared to other communications media such as ... ... cybernorms. During the 2021 Russia-United States Summit in Geneva, President Biden annunciated that cyberattacks on sixteen critical infrastructure sectors, including the communications sector, would lead to cyberspace-based retaliation [ 26 ]. The communications ...