Regionalism in Africa at the Present Stage

... Chad in 2021 as well as Sudan in 2019 and 2021, the regional organizations did not exclude these countries from the communities and chose to engage in mediation, which seems to be a more productive response to the NCG in the African environment. The African Union sanctions coup leaders by prohibiting them from participating in elections and holding key government positions, but this provision is sometimes violated by the AU itself, which is obviously the evidence of a certain ambivalence in its policies and ambiguity ...