... countering the COVID-19 pandemic. While initially considered a club of the most dynamic economies, the union of five countries has become internally highly heterogeneous. China and India continue to vie with each other as leaders of economic growth, while Brazil, South Africa and Russia have witnessed a systemic crisis since the mid-2010s, when the fall in GDP alternates with stagnant growth. Economic difficulties in Brazil and South Africa have led to a change of elites. The new leaders have sought to critically rethink their ...
... objectives and synchronize views. In the last few years, nearly a decade into its establishment and operation, BRICS is facing a crisis. On the one hand, the crisis has a specific set of causes, which include an economic downturn in three of its countries (Russia, Brazil, South Africa) as well as the worsening contradictions between China and India or between China and Brazil. The accumulated dissatisfaction with the actual results of the grouping’s ten years of operation has also contributed to these trends, since many ...
... sanctioned objects in the mirror are closer than they appear.” In other words, China may also be a subject to sanctions at one point partially or fully.
Tristan Kenderdine:
US–Iran Conflict Would Strengthen China’s Position in the Middle East
China, Russia, India, Brazil, and South Africa are the founding members of the
New Development Bank
. NDB’s 2017–2021 general strategy clearly highlights the bank’s commitment and intention to be new in three areas: 1) new relationships; 2) new projects and instruments; 3) new ...
... “the fourth industrial revolution,” and Africa’s special role in the context of South Africa’s claim to leadership on the continent. On the other hand, each party... ... paragraph on preventing militarization of outer space did not contain references to the Russia-China initiative.
Andrey Kortunov:
Why the World is Not Becoming Multipolar
The... ... Ministerial Conference on Ending Tuberculosis held in Moscow, the World Water Forum in Brazil, the Vaccine Research and Development Center and matters related to outer space...
... environmental monitoring, water resources monitoring, urban growth, soil occupation, education and other applications.
3. In 2011 Russia and India
launched
a scientific-educational satellite called YouthSat to study solar flares and their influence on the Earth.
4. The IBSA trilateral alliance (India, Brazil, South Africa), formalized in 2003, stands for reciprocal exchange of knowledge in S&T sphere in space domain.
5. Surprisingly,...
... sector-specific areas of cooperation.
It should be recognized that, given the economic situation — like the slowdown in economic growth in many BRICS countries and even its downturns, as well as political factors such as deteriorating situation in Brazil and South Africa, the growing tension between Russia and the leading Western countries, BRICS is being seriously challenged.
Primarily, BRICS carries political content in order to enhance the role of the five countries in global governance and to be not only rule-takers, but also rule-makers in global ...
... consults initiated by Russia, preceded the summit and they will also follow it; all in all, they will be held
in over 30 areas
. Particular mention should be made of the BRICS Think Tank Council (BTTC) which brings together BRICS strategic centers in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Expert recommendations drafted at the scheduled meeting of the
Goa BRICS Academic Forum in September
were brought to the attention of the heads of state.
What changes did take place in a little over a year between Russia’s and India’s ...
... similar way to that of other development banks — for example, the World Bank — and start to operate in new areas, such as insurance and arbitration services.
Parallel initiatives can also help to improve the bank’s work. For example, the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), China’s Silk Road fund, Brazil’s BTG Pactual, South Africa’s DMSA and India’s IDFC all signed an agreement at the BRICS Summit in Ufa on joint investment and infrastructure projects. It is expected that the funds will be used on a bilateral basis with a focus on investment projects and ...
... Bank. June 12, 2012.
32
. Tjonneland, E. N. Providing Development Aid to Africa. Comparing South Africa with China, India and Brazil. // SAFPI Policy Brief 25. Cape Town: South African Foreign Policy Initiative. 2013.
33
. Kandalinstev, V. The BRICS Countries in the Flow of Foreign Direct Investments ... ... Eastern Analytics. Yearbook 2012. Economics and Politics of Eastern Countries. Moscow. Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014.
www.blisvet.ru
(in Russian).
4
. Africa–BRICS Cooperation: Implications for Growth, ...
... world according to legitimate aspirations of their peoples” and “…share the principle that the use of force should be avoided”.
During the March 17, 2011 vote on Resolution 1973, which opened the way for NATO to bomb Libya, Brazil, India, Russia and China abstained, while South Africa supported it.
The three initial summits centered on coordinating economic policies, whereas the fourth meeting, on March 28-29, 2012 in Delhi, was devoted to the theme "BRICS Partnership for Global Stability, Security and Prosperity" ...