Regionalism in Africa at the Present Stage

... Faso was regarded by the African Union as an NCG act, but the popular uprising that preceded the coup and actually led to regime change was not considered “unconstitutional.” For their part, the organizers of the coups in Burkina Faso, Guinea, and Mali in 2020-2022 tried to take advantage of public discontent to legitimize their actions; yet their condemnation by the African Union was uncompromising, as it followed in the footsteps of ECOWAS—while in the cases of Chad in 2021 as well as Sudan in 2019 and 2021, the regional organizations did not exclude these countries from the communities and chose to engage in ...