Russia and Turkey: Approaches to Regional Security in the Middle East

... also due to a series of nationhood crises in the region and the Saudi Arabia-Iran and Israel-Iran rivalries. The general belief is that Israel is the only country in the... ... the U.S. support for the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), which are dominated by the YPG (People’s Protection Units), the armed wing of the PYD (Democratic Union Party)-... ... Russia as a participant.” [ 44 ] Both Turkey and Russia cooperate within a number of international security organizations, including the Organization for Security and...