... as a new instrument of geopolitical competition, creating not only networks of railroads, digital and energy infrastructure, but also lasting recipient dependencies of respective investments from donors. The following working paper is looking at the European Union as a connectivity provider, assessing the potential of its Global Gateway Initiative in becoming a viable alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative.
Connectivity Competition: The EU’s Global Gateway Initiative
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... Customs Union. [2]
Losing hurts more than not receiving
“It is a political choice of Ukraine and we will respect any choice,” [3] said Vladimir Putin before the meeting. But can Russia afford such development? What would association with the European Union cause to Ukraine-Russia relations? Unfortunately, it would bring disassociation. What would conclusion of DCFTA bring? I will argue that it will counter Russian objective to establish strong regional free trade community. To solve the riddle ...
The Eastern Partnership is rather fresh policy of the European Union to structure and improve political and economic relations with six post-Soviet states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. All of these states are in the closest vicinity of the Russian Federation. What were its ...
Ukraine’s foreign policy towards its Eastern and Western neighbours could ultimately lead to broader international consequences that one would expect. Its decision to sign the Association agreement with the European Union or joining the Customs Union with Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, might take the story of one of the sides much deeper than to wider economic cooperation, trade or visa liberalization. European Ukraine Approach of the European Union can ...
