The Working Group on the Future of U.S.-Russia Relations’ Report
Central Asia stands out as a comparatively “nontoxic” region where there are limited, but not insignificant, opportunities for U.S.-Russia collaboration both bilaterally and within multilateral frameworks: in the space industry, civil security, job-creation mechanisms and rural human capital, and knowledge sharing for instance. Any proposal of U.S.-Russia cooperation in a concrete domain will have to be made in a tri- or-multipartite...
... pace of construction in Pakistan, while India has withdrawn from the project altogether. TAPI enjoys strong U.S. support, but Afghanistan’s instability, as well as its limited financial resources, remain a deterrent.
Maria Chepurina, Mathieu Lemonie:
“The TAPI project: Turkmenistan’s bet in pipeline geopolitics”
The weakest link of the IP Gas and TAPI projects are Pakistan’s guarantees of ... ... being its most active proponents. In the days leading up to the June summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Qingdao, China, the Pakistani press quoted a source in the country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs as saying that a
memorandum
of understanding ...
... reopened in provincial towns, and the education system that Turkmenbashi had largely demolished was strengthened.
As for Turkmenistan’s relations with its neighbours, the most significant achievement was the construction of gas pipelines into China, as it reduced its dependence on exporting gas to Russia. However, other projects (in particular, the Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India [TAPI] Pipeline and the Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline) were never implemented. Under President Berdimuhamedow, relations with Russia remained virtually unchanged from Turkmenbashi’s time. No appreciable rapprochement ...
