... Chepurina, Mathieu Lemonie:
“The TAPI project: Turkmenistan’s bet in pipeline geopolitics”
The weakest link of the IP Gas and TAPI projects are Pakistan’s guarantees of uninterrupted supplies to India. The political and military standoff between the ... ... being its most active proponents. In the days leading up to the June summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Qingdao, China, the Pakistani press quoted a source in the country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs as saying that a
memorandum
of understanding ...
... reopened in provincial towns, and the education system that Turkmenbashi had largely demolished was strengthened.
As for Turkmenistan’s relations with its neighbours, the most significant achievement was the construction of gas pipelines into China, as it reduced its dependence on exporting gas to Russia. However, other projects (in particular, the Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India [TAPI] Pipeline and the Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline) were never implemented. Under President Berdimuhamedow, relations with Russia remained virtually unchanged from Turkmenbashi’s time. No appreciable rapprochement took place.
From the point of view ...