... for the current Chinese presidency in 2022.
The difficulties of the BRICS were also caused by internal reasons. The test for BRICS was 2020, when the association, contrary to expectations, did hardly anything to assist in countering the COVID-19 pandemic.... ... initially considered a club of the most dynamic economies, the union of five countries has become internally highly heterogeneous. China and India continue to vie with each other as leaders of economic growth, while Brazil, South Africa and Russia have witnessed a systemic crisis since the mid-2010s, when the fall in GDP alternates with stagnant growth....
... entails periods of growth, agenda expansion, predominance of centripetal forces, crisis passing, when it is essential to review goals and objectives and synchronize views. In the last few years, nearly a decade into its establishment and operation, BRICS is facing a crisis. On the one hand, the crisis has a specific set of causes, which include an economic downturn in three of its countries (Russia, Brazil, South Africa) as well as the worsening contradictions between China and India or between China and Brazil. The accumulated dissatisfaction with the actual results of the grouping’s ten years of operation has also contributed to these trends, since many initiatives remained mere slogans, including the goal to amplify ...
... progress with Nord Stream II while expanding Permian oil and gas basin on full speed, or its growing and guided trade war with China and lately India are all signs of major concern for the custodian of the global reserve currency.
New World Begets a New ... ...
Tristan Kenderdine:
US–Iran Conflict Would Strengthen China’s Position in the Middle East
China, Russia, India, Brazil, and South Africa are the founding members of the
New Development Bank
. NDB’s 2017–2021 general strategy clearly highlights the ...
BRICS Attracted Far Greater Positive Attention than its Rivals
The second cycle of ... ... to “sit it out.” Yes, the meeting between the leaders of the United States and China was a success, but this did not prevent Washington from then starting a trade... ... “the fourth industrial revolution,” and Africa’s special role in the context of South Africa’s claim to leadership on the continent. On the other hand, each party...
On July 23, 2018, China Global Television Network (CGTN) in cooperation with South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) held a live phone-in show on the upcoming BRICS Summit in SAR.
On July 23, 2018, China Global Television Network (CGTN) in cooperation with South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) held a live phone-in show on the upcoming BRICS Summit in SAR.
The summit will be held on July 25-27 in Johannesburg. The leaders of Russia, Brazil, India, China, and South Africa, as well as the leaders of ...
... on the Polar Space Launch Vehicles (PSLV).
9
. CNSA is the national space agency of China. It is responsible for the national space program and for planning and development... ... 2007 provoked both indignation and fears on the US behalf.
12
. Keith Gottschalk. South Africa's Space Program. 2010. Astropolitics 8 (1): pp. 35-48. doi:10.1080/14777622... ... Organization (1976), and the International Telecommunication Convention (1992).
14
. BRICS Joint Statement Regarding the Principles of Elaboration of International Instruments...
... of the chairmanship is on, and a decade of successful cooperation development within BRICS in such key areas of interaction as policy and security, economy, trade and investment... .... has passed. The first summit of the heads of state from Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) was held on the initiative of Russia in 2009 in Yekaterinburg. The format... ... summit meetings became annual. In 2011, the most economically developed state of Africa, South Africa, became an official member of the association at the summit in Sanya (PRC)...
... including civil society consults initiated by Russia, preceded the summit and they will also follow it; all in all, they will be held
in over 30 areas
. Particular mention should be made of the BRICS Think Tank Council (BTTC) which brings together BRICS strategic centers in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Expert recommendations drafted at the scheduled meeting of the
Goa BRICS Academic Forum in September
were brought to the attention of the heads of state.
What changes did take place in a little over a year between Russia’s and India’s ...
... countries and those of its partners. A number of bilateral agreements on financing development programmes have already been reached between BRICS countries, including agreements on currency swaps (between China and Brazil) and bilateral loans (
between China and South Africa
).
Despite the fact that the BRICS countries are able to finance development programmes on a bilateral basis, a number of incentives encouraged them to set up the bank — firstly, the need to share risks, and secondly, the need to increase the legitimacy of their south—south ...
... 2013.
30
. Business TASS. November 21, 2012.
31
. South Africa MUST do More to PUT Africa at Core of Commercial, Foreign Policies // Standard Bank. June 12, 2012.
32
. Tjonneland, E. N. Providing Development Aid to Africa. Comparing South Africa with China, India and Brazil. // SAFPI Policy Brief 25. Cape Town: South African Foreign Policy Initiative. 2013.
33
. Kandalinstev, V. The BRICS Countries in the Flow of Foreign Direct Investments // Eastern Analytics. Yearbook 2012. Economics and Politics of Eastern Countries. Moscow. Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014.
www.blisvet.ru
(in Russian).
4
...
