..., is also interested in maintaining constructive relations with its neighbor, given that the two nations share the longest land border and access to the Caspian Sea. Furthermore, Turkmenistan is Iran’s closest overland entry point to Central Asia, Russia and China. Turkmenistan emphasizes its neutrality, not joining any international associations and trying not to take sides in regional conflicts. In the energy sector, Turkmenistan and Iran participate in swap deliveries of Turkmen natural gas to Azerbaijan, and,...
...
hundreds of thousands of militants from all the Central Asian countries, as well as China, Turkey, Azerbaijan and Chechnya.
The ultimate reasons for the rise in extremism... ... maintained by the security services of key global states).
Federica Prandin:
The EU and Russia in Central Asia: Is There Any Room for Cooperation?
A new trend has emerged in... ... including 865 women, were convicted of extremist crimes from January to April 2018 alone.
Turkmenistan
In early October 2018, a Financial Monitoring Service was
set up
under...
The Working Group on the Future of U.S.-Russia Relations’ Report
Central Asia stands out as a comparatively “nontoxic” region where there are limited, but not insignificant, opportunities for U.S.-Russia collaboration both bilaterally and within multilateral frameworks: in the space ...
... instability, as well as its limited financial resources, remain a deterrent.
Maria Chepurina, Mathieu Lemonie:
“The TAPI project: Turkmenistan’s bet in pipeline geopolitics”
The weakest link of the IP Gas and TAPI projects are Pakistan’s guarantees of ... ... compromise for all the parties involved. The plan to lay the pipeline has been under discussion since the summer of 2017, with Russia and Iran being its most active proponents. In the days leading up to the June summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Qingdao, China, the Pakistani press quoted a source in the country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs as saying that a
memorandum
of understanding ...
... reopened in provincial towns, and the education system that Turkmenbashi had largely demolished was strengthened.
As for Turkmenistan’s relations with its neighbours, the most significant achievement was the construction of gas pipelines into China, as it reduced its dependence on exporting gas to Russia. However, other projects (in particular, the Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India [TAPI] Pipeline and the Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline) were never implemented. Under President Berdimuhamedow, relations with Russia remained virtually unchanged from Turkmenbashi’s time. No ...
