Turkey’s Policy in Central Asia: Are Ambitions Well-Founded?

... appropriate level of resources—in the broad sense—is a major hindrance to military integration. Soft Power Andrey Kortunov: Recep Erdogan in a Russian Minefield Back in the 1990s, Turkey relied on both economic levers and the use of a broad range of soft power instruments in Central Asia. For instance, Turkey’s regional policy was largely founded on several principal areas that included promoting the Turkish language, culture and history, and, more broadly, the Turkish education system. Within the framework of Turkish soft ...