Statehood in the Middle East: In Search of New Models

... led to civil war and massive casualties. In Algeria, this time is referred to as the “black decade.” In the meantime, the Arab world has made progress towards integration into the global economy, even though market reforms in most countries, where ... ... change has occurred or civil conflicts persist, are limited by the objective capabilities of those nations. Countries such as Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan and Lebanon, where external debt accounts for more than 80% of their GDP, are going through an acute financial ...