... agreement aimed at mitigating the conflict in Donbass. Russia was repeatedly criticized over its “failure to implement the Minsk agreement.”
Danil Bochkov:
China Replacing Russia as the Boogeyman in the U.S. Presidential Campaign: Implications for Russia-China Relations
The EU
annually
extended sanctions against Russia, with a
recent
update in 2019. In early 2019 Moscow also came under a new wave of EU
sanction
s in connection with the poisoning of S. Skripal in 2018. The EU and Russia came to odds over the Syrian issue, with the former “always ...
... party candidate. Moscow was
vilified
for interfering in the election via the dissemination of false information. After the election, a judicial investigation was launched,
ending
with no evidence of the collusion.
Ivan Timofeev:
US Administration v. China
Despite that fact, in 2017 and 2018, the U.S.
imposed
economic sanctions against Russian entities. This led to the further aggravation of already sour ties undermined by the Ukrainian crisis in 2014. As an act of reprisal for Moscow’s alleged meddling into the conflict, U.S. Congress
initiated
new economic sanctions.
Russia became ...
... and China will be cautious about arms sales, as well as quite reluctant to confront the US. Moscow and Beijing know that the US is sensitive to this issue, and even if the arms embargo is lifted, the US will apply unilateral sanctions. Violating these sanctions, thus, would be highly costly for Russia and China. Therefore, they will not jeopardize their interests by engaging with Iran and confronting the US. Simultaneously, some interests, including strengthening of balance, increasing chips' bargaining against the US, and taking advantage of Iran's arms ...
... the US market [
xxv
].
In other words, the United States remains the world leader in terms of the sanctions’ frequent use and effectiveness. The future of US hegemony in this area will depend on the policies of other major players, such as the EU, China and Russia.
European Union: Sanctions as an Alternative to Diplomacy and Weapons
Sanctions Against Russia: A Look Into 2020. RIAC Report
Sanctions are almost an ideal foreign policy tool for the EU. The EU is now mature enough to pursue a consolidated and vigorous foreign policy....
... together with systemic officials and organisations that are sanctioned for political reasons. The problem could be ignored if it only applied to individual “dictatorial regimes”. However, today they are increasingly affecting major players such as Russia and China. Americans will inevitably have to cooperate with these states in countering crime, while at the same time considering them the targets of their sanctions and other repressive measures. Such a duality exists today. The big question is how long it will last. In a worst-case scenario, the Americans’ excessive use of sanctions and other measures for political purposes will make anarchy an attractive ...
... thoughtfully and astutely in terms of our diplomacy while being careful not to become too dependent on anyone or take sides
While it may be a little early to talk about the emergence of a bipolar era in the tech world, the question of what policy Russia should follow against the backdrop of the confrontation between the two undisputed tech leaders (the United States and China) is more pressing than ever.
Vassily Kashin
of the Centre for Comprehensive European and International Studies (CCEIS) at the National Research University Higher School of Economics shared his thoughts on the matter with us.
How does today’s ...
... YANG, Shihua: Development and Application of SWIFT in China,
Financial Computerizing
2008 Vol. 10.
4
. HE, Dong: Analysis of the Bank SWIFT Messages,
Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University
, 2006 Vol. 1.
5
. CHEN, Hang: Mitigation of Risks of Sanctions on Russia,
China Forex
, 2017 Vol. 6.
6
. LI, Ruihua: U.S. and Europe Enhance the Economic Sanction on Iran to Cut off Its Financial Lifeline,
Economy
, 2012 Vol. 5.
7
. The SWIFT membership is granted on application and payment of fee. A member will be given a ...
... general deterioration of US-China relations and a number of other US attacks against Chinese firms. The Huawei saga is the best illustration of this point. At the same time, 2019 demonstrated that international businesses (including companies from the EU, China, Russia and other countries) were seeking to comply with the US sanctions regimes, despite the nature of their countries’ political relations with Washington. Businesses would like to distance themselves from politics and avoid the risk of being involved in US investigations, even though unilateral sanctions are ...
... with its annual military spending of $50–60 billion considered as America’s most dangerous rival in the 2020 budget? Why is China perceived as a strategic challenge, despite spending only a third what the United States does on its defence? And why is ... ... excessive fat, not at all related to national security strengthening. For example, lawmakers obliged the administration to impose sanctions on Russia’s Nord Stream 2 and Turkish Stream gas pipelines - apparently with the aim not to start the lengthy process of negotiating ...
... pays Resolve to Brazil for Soya Beans, Brazil pays Resolve to Russia for fertilizers, Russia pays India in Resolve for tea, and India pays in Resolves to South Africa for... ... the form of more elasticity for national currencies but also bringing Asia Pacific (China), Eurasia (Europe), India (Sub-Continent), Middle East or West Asia (Iran) Africa... ...
Bibliography
Horton S. Dennis Halliday on the deaths of Iraqi children due to American sanctions in the ’90s // The Libertarian Institute, URL:
https://libertarianinstitute...
