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Working Paper #46 / 2019 This working paper looks into the complex issue of Russia–Iraq relations. It provides a detailed analysis of the foundations of the bilateral ties between the two countries, Russia’s approach to the Kurdish issue, and the future of cooperation between Russia and Iraq now that both countries have completed ...
... Regional Government (KRG) in Garmian, Halabja, and Shakal. More recently, Rosneft was awarded contracts by the KRG to develop the KRI’s oil and natural gas export pipelines via Turkey. These developments have been very welcome, particularly by the Kurds, not only for the generated income but also for drawing Russia into the security dynamics which was believed to have helped prevent a total energy blockade on the KRI in the aftermath of the KRG referendum for independence. What is the attitude of the major forces in Iraqi Kurdistan to Russia's policy in the ...
... weapons and we are not taking them back. We just do not provide them anymore. In addition, Turkey is in no military position to attack, leave alone examine the Kurdish military facilities, plus Russia is going to play a vital role here. Many Syrian Kurds suppose that Russia will protect them even more than the U.S. in these circumstances. I’d add to the equation a new factor of anxiety: all the U.S., Russia and Turkey are cautious about Iran as the latter is obviously trying to extend its power on the way to the ...
... benefits. In the “post-Saddam” period, Russia maintained contacts with both Baghdad and the Kurds, but did not pursue an active policy. With the return of Moscow to the region and the increased role of the Kurds in regional processes, contacts between Russia and the Kurds intensified. Moscow has left itself some space for action in the event that the Kurds acquire any kind of self-governance. Even if the Kurds achieve maximum independence, Moscow could, with the correct approach, gain additional leverage over the ...
... each other. Iran has faced a resurgence of violence in its own Kurdistan in the past months, whereas southeastern Turkey is the theater of more than guerilla warfare between Turkish forces and the PKK[3]. The Geneva process could bring a momentum to Russia-Kurds relations. Now that Turkey has grabbed its sphere of influence in northern Syria, preventing the emergence of Rojava, and solving by the same token Damascus’ Kurdish problem, both Turkey and the Syrian regime might be less frustrated by the ...
... on August 26, 2016 between John Kerry and Sergey Lavrov, the sides agreed that in order for the political process to be restored in Syria, all the sides should be involved in an equal footing, including the Kurds. Mr. Lavrov also commented that the “Kurds are a part of the Syrian government.” From this, we can interpret the Russian position as such: Moscow opposes the establishment of an autonomous Kurdish state. In this respect, Moscow does not support, but nor does it condemn, the actions of Turkey and the United States against the Kurdish militants. However, the ...
... the European Union, the country will reinvigorate its involvement in Eurasian affairs. Ankara is expected to turn to China and Russia in an attempt to establish closer economic and political ties. Moreover, adventurous and unsuccessful neo-Ottomanism is ... ... success due to very different policy choices so far. The key question is whether Moscow will stop its support of the Syrian Kurds in return for Ankara giving up its attempts to overthrow Bashar al-Assad administration. Declaration on unprecedented partnership ...
... be used by the Kurdistan Workers’ Party and other extremist forces to destabilize the situation in Turkey’s less developed, Kurdish-occupied southeast. Because of this, Turkey seeks to prevent the establishment of close contacts between Russia and the Kurds, and it is one more reason for normalizing relations with Russia. The Turkish government forged mutually beneficial relations with the Iraqi Kurds. Since 2014, Erbil has been pumping oil from Iraqi Kurdistan to Turkey (and on to Israel) via a pipeline,...
| U.S. wants to establish partnership relations with Russia on condition that it meets the U.S. requirements |
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| U.S. wants to deter Russia’s military and political activity |
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| U.S. wants to dissolve Russia |
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| U.S. wants to establish alliance relations with Russia under the US conditions to rival China |
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